According to their work, a first domestication event resulted in the blue-green mould P. A second, more recent domestication event resulted in the white and fluffy P. Both domesticated species show advantageous characteristics for maturing cheese compared to the wild, closely related species: they are whiter and grow faster in cheese-ripening cellar conditions.
In addition, they do not produce, or only in very small quantities, a toxin that is potentially dangerous to humans; they also prevent the proliferation of undesirable moulds. This research, published on 24th September in Current Biology , may have an impact on cheese production, by steering the selection of moulds according to the desired characteristics. Materials provided by CNRS. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Science News. This study also demonstrates the determining role of volatile component diffusion.
Continuous cultivations of a Penicillium chrysogenum strain expressing the expandase gene from Streptomyces clavuligerus: Growth yields and morphological characterization. Both variables decreased when the dilution rate was increased above 0. A correlation between mean total hyphal length and productivity of adADCA was found The biomass yield and maintenance coefficients for the strain were similar to those found for penicillin-producing strains of Penicillium chrysogenum.
The maximum specific growth rate in the chemostat was found to be 0. Metabolic degradation of adipate was found to take After three to five residence times, adipate degradation and adADCA production disappeared, and this allowed determination of the biomass yield coefficient on adipate.
The morphology was measured at different dilution rates Fleming's penicillin producing streain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. Penicillium chrysogenum is a commonly occurring mould in indoor environments and foods, and has gained much attention for its use in the production of the antibiotic penicillin. Phylogenetic analysis of the most important penicillin producing P. Furthermore, the well-known claim that Alexander Fleming misidentified the original penicillin producing strain as P.
Each of the five novel species had a unique extrolite profile of known and uncharacterized metabolites and various compounds, such as penicillic acid The novel species had a high growth rate on agar media, but could be distinguished from each other by several macro- and microscopical characteristics Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp.
In this study, the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol DCMX degradation by a screened strain was investigated.
The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp.
Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp. Under different salinity conditions, the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at pH6.
With acclimation to salinity, higher removal efficiency could be achieved. The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp. Biofabrication, characterization and antibacterial efficacy of extracellular silver nanoparticles using novel fungal strain of Penicillium atramentosum KM. Full Text Available The biofabricated silver nanoparticles are extensively used in environmental, biotechnological and biomedical applications.
The synthesis of SNPs has been carried out by using the filtrate extract of novel fungal strain Penicillium atramentosum KM. To undertake this study, P. As evident from the FTIR spectra plausibly the protein components of fungal extract caused the reduction of silver nitrate.
The XRD record exhibited the characteristic peaks of , , and nanoparticles signifying that these nanoparticles were crystalline in nature.
The synthesized SNPs showed antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains. Penilumamide, a novel lumazine peptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. A novel lumazine peptide, penilumamide 1 , was isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived fungal strain , identified as Penicillium sp. Studies of air plasma techniques in mutating Penicillium chrysogenum. As the result revealed, in 30 minutes, the survival rate of spores followed the saddle-shaped curve.
The positive mutants accounted for After primary and secondary screening, the mutant aPc was obtained, and eventually its penicillin titer increased Synergetic effect between chemical reactive species and charged particles was considered as the main mutation mechanism involved in low temperature air plasma.
All the results have been proved that as a new industrial microbial strains mutation method, low temperature air plasma has potential applications. Production of lipase free of citrinin by Penicillium citrinum.
Lipase Glycerol ester hydrolase E. Citrinin production was inhibited by using culture medium containing olive oil, soybean oil and corn oil as carbon sources. Potassium concentration and pH play an important role in citrinin production. Potassium concentration lower than 30 mM and pH below 4. This data is relevant to the larger scale production of lipases for food technology applications, from Penicillium citrinum. A fungal strain belonging to the genus Penicillium was isolated from soil sample and has been diagnosed as Penicillium sp.
Antibiotics, protease activity and pH values were determined after cultivation of the fungus using submerged fermentation SF and solid state fermentation SSF. The two different patterns of fermentation processes seem to influence the ph Taxonomy of Penicillium citrinum and related species. Penicillium hetheringtonii is closely related to P. Penicillium citrinum and related species have been examined using a combination of partial beta-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequence data, extrolite patterns and phenotypic characters.
It is concluded that seven species belong to the series Citrina. Penicillium sizovae and Penicillium steckii Penicillium tropicoides resembles P. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis revealed pathogenic potential in Penicillium capsulatum as a novel fungal pathogen belonging to Eurotiales. Full Text Available Penicillium capsulatum is a rare Penicillium species used in paper manufacturing, but recently it has been reported to cause invasive infection.
To research the pathogenicity of the clinical Penicillium strain , we sequenced the genomes and transcriptome of the clinical and environmental strains of P. Comparative analyses of these two P.
The assembled genome sizes of P. The different isolates of P. A phylogenomic analysis was performed based on the whole genome data of 38 strains belonging to Eurotiales. By comparing the whole genome sequences and the virulence-related genes from 20 important related species, including fungal pathogens and non-human pathogens belonging to Eurotiales, we found meaningful pathogenicity characteristics between P.
Our research indicated that P. This study is beneficial for mycologists, geneticists and epidemiologists to achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the role of P.
Genetic structure and natural variation associated with host of origin in Penicillium expansum strains causing blue mould. Blue mould, caused by Penicillium expansum, is one of the most economically damaging postharvest diseases of pome fruits, although it may affect a wider host range, including sweet cherries and table grapes. Several reports on the role of mycotoxins in plant pathogenesis have been published, but few focussed on the influence of mycotoxins on the variation in host preference amongst producing fungi.
In the present study the influence of the host on P. Three P. Strains within each P. The difference in aggressiveness amongst strains was appreciable only in the presence of a living host, suggesting that the complex pathogen-host interaction significantly influenced the ability of P. The existence of genetic variation amongst isolates was confirmed by the High Resolution Melting method that was set up herein, which permitted discrimination of P. Host effect on toxin production appeared to be exerted at a transcriptional level.
Gene replacement in Penicillium roqueforti. Most cheese-making filamentous fungi lack suitable molecular tools to improve their biotechnology potential. Penicillium roqueforti, a species of high industrial importance, would benefit from functional data yielded by molecular genetic approaches.
This work provides the first example of gene replacement by homologous recombination in P. To do so, we improved the existing transformation method to integrate transgenes into P. Then, we performed a deletion of the PrNiaD gene from P. Because genomic data are now available, we believe that generating selective deletions of candidate genes will be a key step to open the way for a comprehensive exploration of gene function in P.
Meyer, Sven W. Secondary metabolites from Penicillium roqueforti, a starter for the production of Gorgonzola cheese. Full Text Available The presence of mold in food, although necessary for production, can involve the presence of secondary metabolites, which are sometimes toxic. Penicillium roqueforti is a common saprophytic fungus but it is also the essential fungus used in the production of Roquefort cheese and other varieties of blue cheese containing internal mold.
The study was conducted on industrial batches of Penicillium roqueforti starters used in the production of the Gorgonzola cheese, with the aim to verify the production of secondary metabolites. Nine Penicillium roqueforti strains were tested. The presence of roquefortine C, PR toxin and mycophenolic acid was tested first in vitro, then on bread-like substrate and lastly in vivo in nine cheese samples produced with the same starters and ready to market. In vitro, only Penicillium out of nine produced roquefortine C, four starters showed mycophenolic acid production, while no significant amounts of PR toxin were detected.
In the samples grown on bread-like substrate, Penicillium did not produce secondary metabolites, likewise with each cheese samples tested. Diversity of Penicillium species isolated from heavy metal polluted soil in Guizhou Province, China. Seven Penicillium strains were isolated from soil samples polluted by heavy metals in different zones of Guizhou Province, China.
Domestication is an excellent model for studies of adaptation because it involves recent and strong selection on a few, identified traits []. Few studies have focused on the domestication of fungi, with notable exceptions [], despite their importance to bioindustry [12] and to a general understanding of adaptation in eukaryotes [5]. Penicillium fungi are ubiquitous molds among which two distantly related species have been independently selected for cheese making-P.
The selected traits include morphology, aromatic profile, lipolytic and proteolytic activities, and ability to grow at low temperatures, in a matrix containing bacterial and fungal competitors []. By comparing the genomes of ten Penicillium species, we show that adaptation to cheese was associated with multiple recent horizontal transfers of large genomic regions carrying crucial metabolic genes.
Two HTRs carried genes with functions involved in the utilization of cheese nutrients or competition and were found nearly identical in multiple strains and species of cheese-associated Penicillium fungi, indicating recent selective sweeps; they were experimentally associated with faster growth and greater competitiveness on cheese and contained genes highly expressed in the early stage of cheese maturation.
These findings have industrial and food safety implications and improve our understanding of the processes of adaptation to rapid environmental changes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. Influence of the adipate and dissolved oxygen concentrations on the beta-lactam production during continuous cultivations of a Penicillium chrysogenum strain expressing the expandase gene from Streptomyces clavuligerus.
The influence of adipate concentration and dissolved oxygen on production of adipoylaminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid adADCA by a recombinant strain of Penicillium chrysogenum expressing the expandase gene from Streptomyces clavuligerus was studied in glucose-limited continuous cultures Penicillium subrubescens, a new species efficiently producing inulinase. Inulinases hydrolyse inulin To find efficient inulin degrading fungi, fungal strains from the Fungal Biotechnology Culture Collection FBCC at University of Helsinki and 74 freshly isolated strains from soil around Jerusalem artichoke tubers were screened in liquid cultures with inulin as a sole source Inulinase and invertase activities were assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid DNS method and a freshly isolated Penicillium strain originating from agricultural soil FBCC was the most efficient inulinase Production of Naphthoquinone Mycotoxins and Taxonomy of Penicillium viridicatum.
Groups I and II of Penicillium viridicatum were further differentiated on the basis of synthesis of two mycotoxins, xanthomegnin and viomellein. Strains previously classified as group II produced these pigments, whereas those in group I did not. These napthoquinone pigments were quantitated by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography.
A new mobile phase of toluene and acetic acid effected a baseline separation of the two components. It is proposed that such biochemica A new strain Penicillium sp. The fungus was observed to have a high level chitosanase biosynthesis 1.
Purification of the chitosanase enzyme complex from Penicillium sp. IB by ultrafiltration and hydrophobic chromatography, followed by denaturing electrophoresis, revealed two predominant proteins with molecular weights of 89 and 41 kDa. Exohydrolysis of chitosan by the preparation isolated from Penicillium sp. IB resulted in the formation of single product, D-glucosamine.
Penicillium sizovae and Penicillium steckii are. Antifouling and antibacterial polyketides from marine gorgonian coral-associated fungus Penicillium sp. Two new polyketides, 6,8,5'6'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methylflavone 1 and paecilin C 2 , together with six known analogs secalonic acid D 3 , secalonic acid B 4 penicillixanthone A 5 , emodin 6 , citreorosein 7 and isorhodoptilometrin 8 were obtained from a broth of gorgonian coral-associated fungus Penicillium sp.
Compounds 1 and had significant antifouling activity against Balanus amphitrite larvae settlement with EC50 values of 6. This was the first report of antibacterial activity of against marine bacteria and antifouling activity of against marine biofouling organism's larvae.
The results indicated that gorgonian coral-associated fungus Penicillium sp. SCSGAF strain could produce antifouling and antibacterial compounds that might aid the host gorgonian coral in protection against marine pathogen bacteria, biofouling organisms and other intruders.
Penicillin production in industrial strain Penicillium chrysogenum P2niaD18 is not dependent on the copy number of biosynthesis genes. Multi-copy gene integration into microbial genomes is a conventional tool for obtaining improved gene expression. For Penicillium chrysogenum, the fungal producer of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin, many production strains carry multiple copies of the penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster.
This discovery led to the generally accepted view that high penicillin titers are the result of multiple copies of penicillin genes. Here we investigated strain P2niaD18, a production line that carries only two copies of the penicillin gene cluster. Analysis of production and recombinant strain showed that the enhanced penicillin titer did not depend on the copy number of the penicillin gene cluster.
Our assumption was strengthened by results with a penicillin null strain lacking pcbC encoding isopenicillin N synthase. Reintroduction of one or two copies of the cluster into the pcbC deletion strain restored transcriptional high expression of the pcbC gene, but recombinant strains showed no significantly different penicillin titer compared to parental strains.
Here we present a molecular genetic analysis of production and recombinant strains in the P2niaD18 background carrying different copy numbers of the penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster. Our analysis shows that the enhanced penicillin titer does not strictly depend on the copy number of the cluster. Based on these overall findings, we hypothesize that instead, complex regulatory mechanisms are prominently implicated in increased penicillin biosynthesis in production strains.
Sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese: Relationship between starter cultures and ripening molds. Starter cultures and ripening molds used in the manufacture of moldy cheese aimed at obtaining characteristic flavors and textures considerably differ among dairy industries. Thus, the study of variables inherent to the process and their influence on sensory patterns in cheese can improve the standardization and control of the production process.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of three different variables on the sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese: type of lactic bacteria, type of ripener molds and inoculation method. Batches of Camembert-type cheese were produced using O or DL-type mesophilic starter culture, ripened with Penicillium camemberti or Penicillium candidum and mold inoculation was made directly into the milk or by spraying.
All batches were sensorially evaluated using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis QDA with panelists trained for various attributes.
Among the combinations analyzed, those resulting in more typical Camembert-type cheese were those using O-type mesophilic starter culture and P. These results demonstrate, therefore, that the combination of different ripener molds, inoculation methods and starter cultures directly influences the sensory quality of Camembert-type cheese, modifying significantly its texture, appearance, aroma and taste. Penicillium expansum.
Penicillium expansum is known for its destructive rot and patulin production in apple juice. According to the literature, P. In this study the qualitative production of metabolites was exam In this study the qualitative production of metabolites Cr VI reduction from contaminated soils by Aspergillus sp. N2 and Penicillium sp. N3 isolated from chromium deposits. N3 are chromate-resistant filamentous fungi that were isolated from Cr VI contaminated soil based on their ability to decrease hexavalent chromium levels in the growth medium.
However, Penicillium sp. N3 at near neutral pH. N3 reduced the Cr VI concentration in the growth medium to a virtually undetectable level within h.
For both Aspergillus sp. N3, mycelial seed cultures were more efficient at Cr VI reduction than conidium seed cultures. The mechanisms of Cr VI reduction in Aspergillus sp. N3 were enzymatic reduction and sorption to mycelia. Enzymatic activity contributed significantly to Cr VI reduction. N3 reduced the levels of Cr VI in polluted soil samples, suggesting that these strains might be useful for cleaning up chromium-contaminated sites.
Effect of penicillium mutation by UV and gamma radiation on xylanase production. Many microorganisms produce enzymes which have importance in industrial processes.
Usually this production, is not sufficient for these needs at economical level. The bioindustry concentrates on increasing the production of these enzymes. This leads to the progress of this kind of industry, which use different biotechnology means, for example mutation and screening to choice more potent strain.
In this study Ultra Violet and Gamma irradiation conducted on Penicillium canescen in order to produce new mutant strains , have the ability to produce more xylanase enzyme for industrial uses.
Ultra Violet irradiation enable to select five mutant strains having more enzyme production ability. Biotransformation of 2,4-dinitroanisole by a fungal Penicillium sp. Insensitive munitions explosives are new formulations that are less prone to unintended detonation compared to traditional explosives.
Fungi may be useful in remediation and have been shown to degrade traditional nitroaromatic explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, that are structurally similar to DNAN.
In this study, a fungal Penicillium sp. Stable-isotope labeled DNAN and an untargeted metabolomics approach were used to discover 13 novel transformation products. KH1 produced DNAN metabolites resulting from ortho- and para-nitroreduction, demethylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, malonylation, and sulfation.
Incubations with intermediate metabolites such as 2-aminonitroanisole and 4-aminonitroanisole as the primary substrates confirmed putative metabolite isomerism and pathways. No ring-cleavage products were observed, consistent with other reports that mineralization of DNAN is an uncommon metabolic outcome. The production of metabolites with unknown persistence and toxicity suggests further study will be needed to implement remediation with Penicillium sp. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biotransformation of DNAN by a fungus.
Taxonomic studies of the Penicillium glabrum complex and the description of a new species P. A mycological survey of fungi, present in several stages of the manufacturing of cork discs for champagne stoppers in Portugal, was made. On the mechanism for the formation of indole alkalois in Penicillium concavo-rugulosum.
Experiments on the biosynthesis and microbiological conversion of indole alkaloids in Penicillium concavo-rugulosum were carried out with the growing and resting mycelia, respectively, of a selected strain of the same mold. Alkaloid Meleagrine and Chrysogine from endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. Several endophytic fungal strains from Srikaya plants Annona squamosa L. Penicillium has been proven as an established source for a wide array of unique bioactive secondary metabolites that exhibit a variety of biological activities.
The aim of this study is isolation of secondary metabolite from Penicillium , an endophytic of A. The whole extract from both liquid media and mycelium was partitioned by ethyl acetate and evaporated to obtain crude ethyl acetate extract. Isolated secondary metabolites were tested using in vitro assays for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. For anticancer activity, the metabolites were tested against breast cancer cells MCF-7 using MTT assay, while for antimicrobial activity was performed using disk diffusion assays.
From these physical, chemical and spectral evidences that the secondary metabolites were confirmed as Chrysogine and Meleagrine. Chrysogine and Meleagrine have no activity as anticancer and antimicrobial. Mycotoxins, drugs and other extrolites produced by species in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium.
This is an underestimate as several pigments, volatiles and uncharacterized extrolites are not included in this average. Several reported producers are reidentified and new producers of known extrolites In most cases these extrolites are produced consistently by all isolates examined in a species.
The important antibiotic penicillin is produced by all members of series Chrysogena and P. The cholesterol-lowering agent compactin is produced by P Andrastin A and barceloneic acid metabolites, protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors from Penicillium alborcoremium: chemotaxonomic significance and pathological implications.
A survey of Penicillium albocoremium was undertaken to identify potential taxonomic metabolite markers. One major and four minor metabolites were consistently produced by the 19 strains surveyed on three different media. Following purification and spectral studies, the metabolites were identified Cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of a new phytase from Penicillium chrysogenum.
The phy gene, which encodes a phytase in Penicillium chrysogenum CCT , was cloned into the vector pANphy and the resulting plasmid was used for the cotransformation of Penicillium griseoroseum PG63 protoplasts. Among the 91 transformants obtained, 23 were cotransformants. From there, the phytase activity of these 23 transformants was evaluated and P. The recombinant strain P. The deduced PHY protein has amino acids; an isoelectric point pI higher than that reported for phytases from filamentous fungi 7.
PHY produced by the recombinant strain P. The data presented here show that P. Anti-inflammatory effects of secondary metabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp. After the chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of these metabolites showed that 4 inhibited nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia, with IC 50 values of 8.
The inhibitory function of 4 was confirmed based on decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in Penicillium chrysogenum is involved in regulation of beta-lactam production.
Supplementation with glutamate restored growth but no beta-lactam production was detected for the constructed strains. Cultures with high ammonium concentrations repressing conditions and with proline as nitrogen source de-repressed conditions showed The interactions between the ammonium assimilatory pathways and beta-lactam production were investigated by disruption of the NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdhA in two industrial beta-lactam-producing strains of Penicillium chrysogenum.
The strains used were an adipoylADCA By overexpressing the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, the specific growth rate could be restored, but still no beta-lactam production was detected. The results Tanzawaic acids I—L: Four new polyketides from Penicillium sp. Full Text Available Four new polyketides have been identified in culture filtrates of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. IBWF isolated from a soil sample. They are structurally based on the same trans-decalinpentanoic acid skeleton as tanzawaic acids A—H.
Other species are considered enzyme factories or are common indoor air allergens To coincide with the move to one fungus one name in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, the generic concept To add to the taxonomic value of the list, we also provide information on each accepted Growth and enzyme production by three Penicillium species on monosaccharides.
The growth and preference for utilisation of various sugar by the Penicillium species Penicillium pinophilum IBT , Penicillium persicinum IBT and Penicillium brasilianum IBT was studied in batch cultivations using various monosaccharides as carbon source, either alone or in mixtur Xylose did not repress the enzyme production and it induced the production of endoxylanases and beta-xylosidases Two Penicillium species namely, Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium citrinum cultivated by solid surface fermentation method using rice bran homogenized with 0.
Free chlorine and monochloramine inactivation kinetics of Aspergillus and Penicillium in drinking water. Fungi are near-ubiquitous in potable water distribution systems, but the disinfection kinetics of commonly identified fungi are poorly studied. In the present study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the inactivation kinetics of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, and Penicillium purpurogenum by free chlorine and monochloramine.
The observed inactivation data were then fit to a delayed Chick-Watson model. Based on the model parameter estimation, the Ct values integrated product of disinfectant concentration C and contact time t over defined time intervals for Fungal isolates from a drinking water system Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium purpurogenum were more disinfection resistant than Aspergillus fumigatus type and clinical isolates.
The required Antifungal activity of strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a semolina ecosystem against Penicillium roqueforti, Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger contaminating bakery products. Thirty samples of Italian durum wheat semolina and whole durum wheat semolina, generally used for the production of Southern Italy's traditional breads, were subjected to microbiological analysis in order to explore their lactic acid bacteria LAB diversity and to find strains with antifungal activity.
They were grown in a flour-based medium, comparable to a real food system, and the resulting fermentation products FPs were tested against fungal species generally contaminating bakery products, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Endomyces fibuliger. The results of the study indicated a strong inhibitory activity - comparable to that obtained with the common preservative calcium propionate 0. The screening also highlighted the unexplored antifungal activity of L.
The fermentation products of these three strains were characterized by low pH values, and a high content of lactic and acetic acids. Olgeurumil were infected with Penicillium sp. Gaseous chlorine dioxide ClO2 effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp.
There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at all the RH conditions.
The incidences of Penicillium sp. The incidence of Penicillium sp. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous ClO2 was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp.
The composition of Camembert cheese-ripening cultures modulates both mycelial growth and appearance. The fungal microbiota of bloomy-rind cheeses, such as Camembert, forms a complex ecosystem that has not been well studied, and its monitoring during the ripening period remains a challenge.
One limitation of enumerating yeasts and molds on traditional agar media is that hyphae are multicellular structures, and colonies on a petri dish rarely develop from single cells. In addition, fungi tend to rapidly invade agar surfaces, covering small yeast colonies and resulting in an underestimation of their number.
In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR qPCR method using TaqMan probes to quantify a mixed fungal community containing the most common dairy yeasts and molds: Penicillium camemberti , Geotrichum candidum, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Kluyveromyces lactis on soft-cheese model curds SCMC.
The qPCR method was optimized and validated on pure cultures and used to evaluate the growth dynamics of a ripening culture containing P.
The results showed that P. When added to this ecosystem, D. This result was confirmed by the decrease in the mycelium biomass on SCMC. This study compares culture-dependent and qPCR methods to successfully quantify complex fungal microbiota on a model curd simulating Camembert-type cheese. Antibacterial effects and toxigenesis of Penicillium aurantiogriseum Oct 18, The toxigenesis of one Penicillium aurantiogriseum and one Penicillium viridicatum isolates was investigated.
Sterile culture filtrates of both fungi had a clear antibacterial effect only against Bacillus subtilis. The effect on B. The antibacterial. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Samson, R. The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces.
Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium sensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region incl. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures.
All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces.
A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given.
Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that.
Under the absorbed dose of 2. Moreover, the abilities to degrade folimat, phoxim and glyphosate were improved. Through 5 generations, the variation coefficient in degradation rate of methamidophos in the 6th day was 1. Yaequinolones, new insecticidal antibiotics produced by Penicillium sp. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity.
New nine insecticidal antibiotics designated yaequinolones were isolated from the culture broth of the fungal strain Penicillium sp. Yaequinolones showed growth inhibitory activity against brine shrimp Artemia salina. Among them, yaequinolone F has the most potent activity with MIC value of 0. Isolation and characterization of a novel mycovirus from Penicillium digitatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on multiple alignments of the amino acid sequences of the RdRp and CP indicated that PdV1 tentatively belongs to the genus Victorivirus in the Totiviridae family.
Transfection experiments with purified virions indicated that PdV1 could reduce the vegetative growth and virulence of P. In summary, we report the first isolation and characterization of a mycovirus from P. PdV1 may potentially be used for citrus green mold biocontrol. The patient was admitted complaining of loss of visual fields and speech disturbances. CT scan revealed multiple brain abscesses.
Stereothacic biopsies revealed fungal infection and amphotericin B treatment begun with initial improvement. The patient died few days later as a consequence of massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices.
The necropsy and final microbiologic analyses disclosed infection by Penicillium sp. There are thousands of fungal species of the Penicillium genera. Systemic penicilliosis is caused by the P. The clinical presentation usually involves the respiratory system and the skin, besides general symptoms like fever and weight loss.
Penicillium spp infection caused by species other than P. We report the fourth case of Penicillium spp CNS infection. Penicillium simile sp. The morphology of three phenetically identical Penicillium isolates, collected from the bioaerosol in a restoration laboratory in Italy, displayed macro- and microscopic characteristics that were similar though not completely ascribable to Penicillium raistrickii.
For this reason, a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequencing analysis was performed to establish both the taxonomic status and the evolutionary relationships of these three peculiar isolates in relation to previously described species of the genus Penicillium.
We used four nuclear loci both rRNA and protein coding genes that have previously proved useful for the molecular investigation of taxa belonging to the genus Penicillium at various evolutionary levels.
Practical Application: This study demonstrated that molds in foods can improve the growth and survival of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O Because microbial interactions are ubiquitous in food, our results provide an important insight for understanding the behavior of microorganisms in food.
Abstract The effects of secondary starter molds of common mold-ripened cheeses on the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli STEC O were assessed in 3 model systems. Publication types Research Support, Non-U.
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